One of the more common tropes used in regards to sex work in media, is the good old dead hooker. This trope can be manifested in various ways – on SVU and similar shows, it’s always some poor, strung-out hooker whose body shows up to motivate events. In other ways, the whore is sort of the token heroine of the story, and dies in order to redeem herself (this is a pretty common plot device for fallen women in general – women who had sex and/or children out of wedlock, lesbians, hookers, etc…). In those cases, it’s especially awesome if she kills herself or sacrifices herself for the sake of another. And by ‘awesome’ I mean ‘completely fucked thoroughly ingrained symptom of misogyny in Western media’. But it adds pathos! And dra-mah! And sends a subtle message that if you’re a dirty whore, you WILL die. Preferably horribly.
Of course, misogyny is not the only facet of this trope. Homophobia and transphobia can be and are significant elements too, though less common. Gay and trans hookers also get systematically punished for their depraved lifestyles by winding up beaten to a bloody pulp and garrotted. It’s just as sickening and just as wrong.
Recently, a sex worker friend of mine had to deal with a revolting comment that informed her she shouldn’t bitch about dead hookers in shows and books because hookers really DO get killed/abused “all the time”. The kicker? This was said in a feminist community.
I’m not going to dignify the idiot behind that piece of asshattery with a link, but this argument is a total fallacy.
It is a total fallacy because well, it’s not true (1 – jerk clients can manifest in many more ways than abusers/killers, 2 – it pathologises all clients as abusers/killers, 3 – there are sex workers who have never encountered any sort of violence or jerk client during the years they’ve done sex work) but also when it DOES happen it is not something exclusive to hookers. It is something that happens to WOMEN. It is a women’s issue.
I would challenge you to get a group of five women, just five, from any number of backgrounds and cultures and, without trying, get a group of five women none of whom have experienced some sort of violence or abuse. This is the thing. Violence and abuse against women is COMMON. Hell, it’s PREVALENT.
Due to intersectionality, violence against women from some backgrounds may be even more prevalent; that doesn’t change the fact it happens to all women because it’s part of an ingrained sexist psychology we are still, as a species, trying to shake off.
This is my issue with these types of hegemony. The idea violence is something that happens mostly to hookers as part and parcel of their job is part of an attempt to make it seem like by not doing certain things, being certain places, wearing certain clothes – not being BAD – women can avoid violence. Violence only happens to “some” women – the “wrong” kind of women.
It’s not true and it’s not acceptable. And the belief that it IS true allows the ongoing blaming of the victim.
No reasonable, intelligent person would agree that a gay male deserves to be bashed for glancing at a heterosexual man, or that a person of colour should be assaulted for getting “above themselves” or that a woman deserves to be raped for wearing a low cut dress. The obvious homophobia, racism and sexism in those arguments have long been acknowledged as fact and unacceptable. Once again, those attitudes are about justifying unacceptable violence as being the fault of those who the violence is directed towards.
What is at fault is a systemic culture that privileges certain people over others and consequently enables, supports and even condones violence against marginalised people. A culture that involves characterising some groups of people as inferior and therefore deserving of treatment that significantly disadvantages them – that kills them.
To say it is acceptable to depict hookers as always being brutally murdered or dying is nothing more nor less than complacency with the status quo. It indicates a mute agreement with the pervasive attitude there is something about sex work that inherently attracts violence, instead of it being the fact sexphobia leads to stigma and discrimination thereby creating an environment in which violence against sex workers is seen as okay. You know. The same kinda flawed thinking that for so long and still so often says a woman can’t change her mind “half-way through”.
We all know that constant depictions of dead transpeople and dead PoC are not useful or helpful to eradicating stigma and discrimination against them. These are two groups who are also subjected to a great deal of hate violence again because we live in a world that has normalised violence against these marginalised groups. But we all know how reductionist and petty and dismissive it is, how infuriating and how it simply reinforces the idea that this is simply something that “happens” to you if you belong to those marginalised groups and you better just learn to accept it, keep your head down and shut up.
We understand that media depictions reflect real world convictions and act as a catalyst and perpetuator of them. The same is true of sex workers. It is not useful, it is not helpful and it is not okay.
To hold this belief about sex work and sex workers, to believe that institutionalised violence against sex workers should continue to be reinforced through media representation, is virulently anti-feminist and misogynistic.
And as stated, it very much perpetuates the division between “good women” and “bad women” and the false belief violence only happens to the bad ones instead of being a prominent symptom of a sexist and patriarchal society.
The thing is, this theme is going to come up often in this blog and already I’m feeling exhausted about that. There’s no end to dead hookers in media and I get angry every time. Consider this post something of a preliminary introduction to the issue and to my feelings on it.
If you don’t understand, go back to Feminism 101 and try again.
I agree that (1) It’s not acceptable to depict sex workers as always getting killed or beaten. (2) Violence against sex workers is part & parcel of violence against women. (3) Depictions of violence against sex workers is used to keep other women in line: Be good or this will happen to you.
But I wonder if violence against sex workers isn’t more common because (1) It is used to reinforce the “be good” trope — in other words, the patriarchy has to maintain a level of violence against sex workers in order to keep the other women in line, and (2) women owning, controlling, and displaying their own sexuality is particularly and especially enraging to the patriarchy.
So, if I have two reasons why violence against sex workers might be more common, then I have FOUR reasons why its media portrayal is so prevalent: The media reflects those two things, and the media participates in those two things.
I think I like seeing violence portrayed when it is part of seeing humans portrayed. We don’t want to see gays always dead, but we do want to see things like The Matthew Shepherd Story, right? The problem isn’t the portrayal of violence against sex workers, but that it’s always and only the way sex workers are portrayed.
I was thinking today about Dollhouse on Friday night. Eliza Dushku’s character was a thief who pretended to be a prostitute who ran from an attempted rape. Alas, A Blog, had a good discussion of the problems with that scenario today. But there was a good moment, and it was when Eliza turned to the security guard and said, Look, I know what I do, but however you feel about that, what they did was not okay and I insist on being helped. And I thought, that was frickin AWESOME. It attacked the whole idea of “asking for it,” and it refused to separate violence against a prostitute from any other kind of violence against women: Not okay is not okay and no is no, no matter who you are.
Hi Deborah, I’m glad you came back to share some more thoughts.
Really interesting perspective you raise. I’m going to have to think about it in more detail to give you a thoughtful answer but I have a hunch there’s truth in what you say. I’d even add that there’s some sort of… process of validation involved, i.e.: that it’s a part of actually reassuring other women that they have got a place of esteem and elevation in society, a sort of distraction – well, life isn’t great but at least we’re not whores. Someone to look down upon and to compare oneself to and be reassured that they’re better than.
It makes me think of The Handmaid’s Tale and how, in order to stop the women’s resentment and frustration from boiling over they were routinely offered a scapegoat – named a rapist, although it was implied the so-called were often innocent of those crimes – to vent upon.
Agreed – that moment in Dollhouse WAS awesome.
Brilliant.
“To say it is acceptable to depict hookers as always being brutally murdered or dying… indicates a mute agreement with the pervasive attitude there is something about sex work that inherently attracts violence, instead of it being the fact sexphobia leads to stigma and discrimination thereby creating an environment in which violence against sex workers is seen as okay.”
Revealing a widely held opinion as endemic to the perspective rather than the situation is a worthy goal.
It seems to stem from the obscure but unquestioned cultural belief that using sex as a commodity devalues the body, in a way that physical labor and performance does not. I once heard about a comedian at a sex worker forum who joked that average employees, giving up their time and their bodies to do something they hated, were the real whores. The previously jovial audience fell silent. It hit a little too close to home.
Hi there and welcome!
I find that sex = body devaluation crosses over into a paternalistic attitude regarding what sex workers actually do with their money. I ranted elsewhere about this recently – unless we’re doing something externally defined as “noble” or “constructive” with our money, we get lots of head-shaking and tsk-tsking or outrght accusations of greed. Frustrating, to say the least.
I agree with the comedian’s overall point though I do oppose the word whore being used as a negative, the reasons for which I went into in the comments to the post below this one…
However, the way s/he used it in that instance was obviously very effective and was probably a very calculated choice on their part.
Hope you stick around!
Heya !!
this is completely amazing ! i m a queer boy living in london and working as a BDSM / escort / erotic masseur, “radical” activist and quite abit of a geek ! i have dreamt of finding material about representations of sexworkers in pop culture !
I feel like i m in primary school and just found my new best friend !
I feel quite a bit excluded as i dont know that many “radical” or even politically aware sexworkers in my city… and certainly not any geeky one .
Oh and i am organising this serie of events :
http://sexworkeropenuniversity.blogspot.com/
I was hoping to do a workshop about representation of sexworkers in pop culture ( with examples taken from Firefly and Xmen ), but i didnt pursue the idea because i didnt have enough material , and because i m almost single-handedly organise the whole sexworker open university ( with the help of another friend ).
So i m like completely excited to have found your blog. I m quite new to reading blogs. i just started because i read a blog from an UK abolitionist ( in UK right now the goverenement is considering criminalisation and it s a battle in medias and unions and any feminists / political groups between anti and pros ). The debate online with the abolitionists made me so angry, i looked online hoping to find some rad sexworkers blogs that would cheer me up..and i did ! there are plenty, and yours is the cherry on the cake ! yay !
It s 6.30 am in London ..i spent the night online reading blogs on sexwork and feminism, and it feels like i have found a new community !
Amazing !
I would read all your articles right now, but my eyes are seriously bleeding and i need some sleep.
Looking forward to reading you ..and maybe contribute !
Luca Darkholme xxxx
Heya ! I m Luca , european sexworker and geek ! i sent you a long email yesterday about how excited i was that i had found your blog , but now it seems it was never sent
.
I m organising this event :
http://sexworkeropenuniversity.blogspot.com/
I was originally plotting to do a Representations of sexworkers in pop culture but not enough time or material, so i gave up and i m already co ordinating the whole week and doing a couple of workshops.
I would love to read a column on genereal representations of sexwokers in contemporary pop culture. What are the archetypes or generalisations , which image they provide and wich discourses they support etc …
And a list of references to book , comics, tv shows, pop songs etc that portrays sexworkers witha few lines on the characters . What do you think?
Luca
Hey Luca and welcome to the blog!
It’s great to have you here and wonderful to hear from another sex worker.
I think the column you suggest sounds completely amazing and I’d love to encourage you to do it. It could always be an installment project – each installment covering a different archetype/stereotype. If you decide to go ahead with it, I’d love to host it here on whoretoculture as well.
Thanks ! Sorry i posted twice!
I like the installement idea…
another way would be to have some kind of index / dictionnary of all the sexworkers’ characters in pop culture, with a few line about them ( where do they appear, story, psychological profile, type of work, how they are represented… ) Like the Who’s who in the Marvel Universe. It would be a never-ending process but could be quite fun!
I dont think i have the greatest writing skills but i would be happy to participate.